Intrinsic motivation takes place when individuals feel that their work is important, interesting and challenging and that it provides them with a reasonable degree of autonomy (freedom to act), opportunities to achieve and advance, and scope to use and develop their skills and abilities. (Armstrong, 2014). These are factors that are internal to people and relate to what they feel will deliver internal reward (Cherry, 2019 cited in MacPherson, 2019) They are also in line with the beliefs of the individual and have an attached importance to the individual. The direct opposite to this is extrinsic motivation factors. (MacPherson, 2019)
Extrinsic motivation occurs when things are done to or for people in order to motivate them. These include rewards such as incentives, increased pay, praise or promotion; and punishments such as disciplinary action, withholding pay, or criticism. (Armstrong, 2014). Extrinsic motivation factors are factors that are external, from the outside, and focus on goal driven aspects such as financial reward, job title, benefits and organisational stature (Deci & Ryan, 1985). These lean more towards a vision of power and success from the outside and tend to be the factors which drive older generations that came before the millennials (MacPherson, 2019)
Source: (MacPherson, 2019).
References:
Armstrong, M. (2014). Armstrong’s Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice, 13th Edition. Kogan Page.
Deci, E. & Ryan, R., 1985. Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behaviour, New York: Plenum
MacPherson, A. (2019). Motivating Millennials: the journey to project success. ResearchGate.
Ramlall, S. (2004). A Review of Employee Motivation Theories and their Implications for Employee Retention within Organizations. The Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, pp.55–56.
Risambessy, A. (2012). The Influence of Transformational Leadership Style, Motivation, Burnout towards Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 2(9), p.8835.
Robbins, S. (1993). Organizational Behavior 6th Edition. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Hi Ahamed,
ReplyDeleteIndividual characteristics for motivation
• people’s interests
• values and needs
Work characteristics for motivation,
• task variety
• responsibility
Organizational characteristics for motivation
• Policies
• Procedures
• Customs of an organization.
Considering the above approaches, motivation theories can be categorized into 3 categories.
1. Needs-based theories
2. Cognitive theories
3. drive-and-reinforcement theories
(Roos and Eeden, 2008)
Dear Dulshan, Contrary to your statement above of the 3 categories of motivational theories (Suciu et al, 2013) argues motivational theories have been grouped in three main categories by taking into consideration different approaches as it follows: content theories, process theories and consolidation theories. He further elaborates content theories argue that people act in certain ways based on their needs (such as the ones of Maslow and McGregor). Consolidation theories emphasize the connection between individual’s behavior and certain specific results (such as the ones of Thorndike and Skinner). Process theories try to explain how motivation occurs, what factors influence it and what the relations between these factors are (such as the ones of Vroom and Locke).
DeleteDear Dulshan, Contrary to your statement above of the 3 categories of motivational theories (Suciu et al, 2013) argues motivational theories have been grouped in three main categories by taking into consideration different approaches as it follows: content theories, process theories and consolidation theories. He further elaborates content theories argue that people act in certain ways based on their needs (such as the ones of Maslow and McGregor). Consolidation theories emphasize the connection between individual’s behavior and certain specific results (such as the ones of Thorndike and Skinner). Process theories try to explain how motivation occurs, what factors influence it and what the relations between these factors are (such as the ones of Vroom and Locke).
ReplyDeleteHi Rumaiz, To add few extra points to support the same and organic motivation; Deci & Ryan (1985) mentioned Choice, Acknowledgment of feelings, and Opportunities for self-direction were found to enhance intrinsic motivation because they allow people a greater feeling of autonomy.
ReplyDelete